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- SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
- --------
- No. A-655
- --------
- PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF SOUTHEASTERN
- PENNSYLVANIA, et al. v. ROBERT
- CASEY et al.
- on application for stay of mandate
- [February 7, 1994]
-
- Justice Souter, in chambers.
- Addressing me in my capacity as Circuit Justice for
- the Third Circuit, the applicants seek a stay of the
- Court of Appeals's mandate in this case, pending their
- filing a petition for certiorari. See 28 U. S. C. 2106.
- In the decision from which applicants intend to seek
- review, Casey v. Planned Parenthood of Southeastern
- Pennsylvania, ___ F. 3d ___ (Nos. 93-1503 & 93-1504)
- (CA3 1994), the Court of Appeals held that the District
- Court's order allowing applicants to reopen the record in
- their facial constitutional challenge to Pennsylvania's
- Abortion Control Act, 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. 3203-3220
- (1990), and continuing its order enjoining the Common-
- wealth from enforcing various provisions of that statute,
- see 822 F. Supp. 227 (ED Pa. 1993), was inconsistent
- with both the mandate of this Court in Planned Parent-
- hood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, 505 U. S.
- ___, and that of the Third Circuit on remand, see 978 F.
- 2d 74 (1992). For the reasons set out below, I decline
- to stay the mandate of the Court of Appeals.
- The conditions that must be shown to be satisfied
- before a Circuit Justice may grant such an application
- are familiar: a likelihood of irreparable injury that,
- assuming the correctness of the applicants' position,
- would result were a stay not issued; a reasonable
- probability that the Court will grant certiorari; and a
- fair prospect that the applicant will ultimately prevail
- on the merits, see generally Rostker v. Goldberg, 448
- U. S. 1306, 1308 (1980) (Brennan, J., in chambers). The
- burden is on the applicant to -rebut the presumption
- that the decisions below-both on the merits and on the
- proper interim disposition of the case-are correct.-
- Ibid.
- With respect to the first consideration, the applicants
- assert that enforcement of the pertinent provisions of
- the Abortion Control Act will, for a -large fraction,-
- Casey, 505 U. S. ___, (slip op., at 53) of the affected
- population, interpose a -substantial obstacle,- id., at ___
- (slip op., at 34) to the exercise of the right to reproduc-
- tive freedom guaranteed by the Due Process Clause and
- affirmed in this Court's Casey opinion. I have no
- difficulty concluding that such an imposition, if proven,
- would qualify as -irreparable injury,- and support the
- issuance of a stay if the other factors favored the
- applicants' position. Those other factors, however, point
- the other way.
- The core of the applicants' submission is that the
- Court of Appeals fundamentally misread our opinion and
- mandate in Casey in determining that the District Court
- erred in re-opening the record and continuing its
- injunction against enforcement of the Pennsylvania
- statute. Although applicants are right as a general
- matter in arguing that this Court has a special interest
- in ensuring that courts on remand follow the letter and
- spirit of our mandates, see, e.g., In re Sanford Fork &
- Tool Co., 160 U. S. 247, 255-256 (1895), I am not
- convinced (nor, I believe, would my colleagues be) that
- the Court of Appeals's opinion represents such an
- arguable departure from our mandate as to warrant
- discretionary review or, in the end, an award of the
- relief the applicants seek.
- I note that I am not as certain as the Court of
- Appeals was that the District Court here has defied the
- terms of our remand in a manner that justifies compari-
- son to Aaron v. Cooper, 163 F. Supp. 13 (ED Ark.),
- rev'd, 257 F. 2d 33 (CA8), aff'd sub nom. Cooper v.
- Aaron, 358 U. S. 1 (1958). The letter of our Casey
- opinion is not entirely hard-edged. We remanded for
- -proceedings consistent with this opinion, including
- consideration of the question of severability,- 505 U. S.,
- at ___ (slip op., at 60), thereby allowing for the possibil-
- ity (as applicants strenuously argue) that there might be
- something for the courts below to determine beyond the
- severability from the body of the statute of the provi-
- sions held constitutionally invalid. More than once, we
- phrased our conclusion that particular provisions
- withstood facial challenge under the Due Process Clause
- in terms of -the record- before us in the case, see 505
- U. S. at ___ , ___ & ___ (slip op., at 42, 44-45, 59); see
- also 505 U. S., at ____ (slip op., at 5) (Blackmun, J,
- concurring in part and dissenting in part) (suggesting
- that evidence could be adduced -in the future- that
- would establish the invalidity of the provisions and
- arguing that the joint opinion did not -rule[] out [that]
- possibility-).
- The Court of Appeals's construction of the opinion and
- mandate, however, is the correct one. Although we
- acknowledged in Casey that the precise formulation of
- the standard for assessing constitutionality of abortion
- regulation was, in some respects, novel, see 505 U. S.,
- at ___ (slip op., at 34-35); see also ___ F.3d ___ (slip
- op., at 6-7) (acknowledging that Court had modified the
- Third Circuit's -undue burden- test), we did not remand
- the case to the lower courts for application of the proper
- standard, as is sometimes appropriate when a new legal
- standard is announced, see, e.g., Lucas v. South Caro-
- lina Coastal Council ___ U. S. ___ (1992). Instead, we
- undertook to apply the standard to the Pennsylvania
- statute, upholding the constitutionality of its core
- provisions governing informed consent, record-keeping,
- and parental consent, while ruling that the husband-
- notification requirement, on its face, imposed a constitu-
- tionally intolerable burden on the freedom of women to
- choose abortion. 505 U. S., at ___ (slip op., at 45-57).
- Significantly, none of the five opinions took the position
- that the record was inadequate in a way that would
- counsel leaving those judgments to the District Court in
- the first instance. Compare, e.g., McCleskey v. Zant,
- 499 U. S. 467, 506, 523-528 (1991) (Marshall J.,
- dissenting). Thus, the references to -this record,-
- combined with our readiness to decide the validity of the
- challenged provisions under the -undue burden- standard
- are plausibly understood as reflecting two conclusions:
- (1) that litigants are free to challenge similar restric-
- tions in other jurisdictions, as well as these very
- provisions as applied, see Fargo Women's Health Org. v.
- Schafer, ____ U. S. ____ (O'Connor, J, concurring in
- denial of stay); and (2) that applicants had been given
- a fair opportunity to develop the record in the District
- Court.
- Indeed, the District Court's error in rejecting the
- latter conclusion deserves a word of comment. The
- District Court reasoned that because our opinion in
- Casey altered the -rules of the game,- it would be unjust
- to dispose of an -undue burden- challenge on the basis
- of a record developed for purposes of a challenge based
- on -strict scrutiny.- See 822 F. Supp., at 235-236. But
- even if this reasoning were not in tension with the
- approach ultimately taken in the Casey opinion, the
- applicants do not seriously suggest that the vitality of
- the -strict scrutiny- test was free from uncertainty at
- the time this case was brought in the District Court or
- that they lacked incentive to compile a record to support
- the invalidation of the challenged provisions under a less
- strict standard of review. The original District Court
- opinion contains 287 detailed findings of fact and carries
- every indication that the applicants were given broad
- latitude to introduce evidence, call witnesses, and elicit
- testimony about the potential effects of the challenged
- provisions on the reproductive freedom of women.
- In addition to these reasons for thinking there is no
- reasonable probability of review and no fair prospect of
- reversing the Court of Appeals, one other point bears
- mention. In continuing its order enjoining enforcement
- of various statutory provisions, the District Court
- concluded that the evidence applicants were seeking to
- introduce raised only a -plausible likelihood- of prevail-
- ing in their renewed facial challenge to the statute. 822
- F. Supp., at 238. It was at least unusual for a District
- Court to enjoin enforcement of a statute, the last word
- on which was the recent judgment of this Court uphold-
- ing its constitutionality, on a showing of -plausible
- likelihood- of success. This element of the case would
- certainly, and properly, influence my colleagues' decision
- whether to review the judgment of the Court of Appeals,
- as well as their view of its merits if review were
- granted.
- The application for stay of mandate is denied.
-